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RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Fifth Edition, helps readers see how interesting and exciting experimental and nonexperimental research can be. Inviting and conversational, the book leads readers through the research process from start to finish. It begins with tips and strategies for generating research ideas, moves to selecting measures and participants, and then offers an examination of research strategy and design. This step-by-step presentation emphasizes the decisions researchers must make at each stage of the process. The authors avoid a "cookbook" approach by linking terminology with applied concepts; their "lecture in a book" style makes the text accessible by emphasizing discussion and explanation of topics. Examples and content throughout the book reflect the most current APA guidelines.
Material throughout each chapter has been revised to focus on learning objectives, which are now identified at the beginning of each chapter section. The objectives are also correlated with each end-of-chapter Exercise and Engagement Activity to assist students in mastering the objectives.
Essay-style Learning Checks, formerly at the end of each chapter section, have been replaced with objective multiple-choice questions-with at least one question for each learning objective. Answers are provided to help students identify which content they have mastered.
Almost all end-of-chapter exercise sets and engagement activities have been revised or replaced with a greater number of higher-level learning items.
Throughout the book, research examples have been updated and hypothetical results have been replaced with real research examples. Where necessary, tables and figures have been revised.
Chapter 1 has been significantly revised and refined. For instance, information regarding hypotheses now clarifies the idea that a single hypothesis can lead to several different predictions, and that each prediction refers to a specific situation or an event that can be observed and measured. A new section makes a distinction between quantitative and qualitative research. The focus of step four of the research process now includes not only identification of participants or subjects, but also decisions for selection and planning for their ethical treatment.
Chapter 2 is now titled "Research Ideas and Hypotheses" to more accurately reflect its content. Recognizing students' increased technological skill, material on finding background literature and conducting a literature search using PsycINFO has been vastly reduced. New material on critically reading a journal article helps students through the difficult task of finding ideas for new studies. A new section discusses how to convert a research idea into a hypothesis, including detailed characteristics of a good hypothesis.
In Chapter 3, discussion of the consistency of a relationship has been moved to the beginning of the section on validity and reliability of measurement (because validity and reliability are often established by a consistent relationship between two different measurements). The distinction between concurrent and convergent validity has been clarified, and revised terminology now distinguishes situations in which researchers are "blind" and in which participants are "blind" or "naïve."
Sections on ethical guidelines for research with humans and nonhumans (Chapter 4) have been updated in accordance with the APA 2010 amendments to the Ethics Code.
A new section in Chapter 6 discusses the similarities and differences between nonexperimental and correlational research strategies. The section distinguishing research strategies, research designs, and research procedures appears earlier in the chapter and the detailed discussion of time-related threats to internal validity has been moved to Chapter 9 on within-subjects experiments.